Tuberculosis

The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis, or TB, an infectious disease. The American Lung Association states that while the bacteria primarily targets the lungs, it can also damage other parts of the body and is airborne from person to person. The illness has existed for the most of human existence and can occasionally be extremely fatal. Actually, experts have been able to trace the history of tuberculosis back over 5,000 years, to early Egypt. The Hebrew term "schachepheth" is used to refer to tuberculosis (TB) in the biblical books of Deuteronomy and Leviticus.

Hippocrates refers to it as "phthisis" in his writings. A dangerous disease that mostly affects the lungs is tuberculosis (TB). One group of bacteria is responsible for tuberculosis. When a person with tuberculosis coughs, sneezes, or sings, the disease can spread. This may release minute amounts of the germs into the atmosphere. The bacteria can then enter the lungs of another individual who inhales the droplets. Wherever individuals congregate in large groups or live in close quarters, tuberculosis is prone to spreading. Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those living with HIV/AIDS, are more susceptible to tuberculosis than healthy individuals. Antibiotic medications are used to treat TB. However, some of the bacterial strains are now resistant to antibiotics.

Symptoms

A tuberculosis (TB) infection occurs when the bacteria from the disease survive and grow in the lungs. There are three phases to a tuberculosis infection. Every stage has a particular set of symptoms.

Primary infection with tuberculosis: The initial phase is referred to as the main infection. Immune system cells locate and seize the pathogens. The germs might be entirely destroyed by the immune system. However, some trapped bacteria might continue to exist and proliferate.

A primary infection usually causes no symptoms at all for most people. Some people may experience symptoms similar to the flu, like:

·         Low fever

·         Fatigue

·         Cough

Latent TB infection:

Latent tuberculosis infection typically follows primary infection. TBC-infected lung tissue is surrounded by a wall formed by immune system cells. If the immune system manages to contain the bacteria, they will be unable to cause any more damage. However, the bacteria endure. When a TB infection is latent, there are no symptoms.

Causes

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.Individuals who have active tuberculosis in their voice box or lungs can transmit the disease. They emit microscopic droplets into the atmosphere, which disperse the germs. This may occur as they talk, sing, laugh, sneeze, cough, or cough. Inhaling the droplets can cause an infection in the person. Spending a lot of time together indoors increases the risk of the disease spreading. Thus, in environments where individuals live or work together for extended periods of time, the disease spreads easily. Furthermore, the illness spreads more quickly in large groups. A latent tuberculosis infection prevents the disease from spreading to other people.

Treatment

The TB virus is treatable. Four conventional antibiotics are used in a six-month course of treatment. Isoniazid and rifampicin are common medications. The common medications sometimes have no effect on the TB germs. Here, the patient suffers from drug-resistant tuberculosis. Drug-resistant TB requires a more involved and prolonged course of treatment. A health professional or trained volunteer provides the patient with information, supervision, and support throughout the course of TB medication. Adherence to therapy can be challenging in the absence of such assistance. Inadequate completion of treatment increases the risk of drug resistance and disease dissemination. TB preventative medication can be used to halt the emergence of disease in the event of TB infection, which occurs when a patient has the TB bacterium but is not sick.

 

Migraine

A migraine is a type of headache that often affects one side of the head and can cause excruciating throbbing pain or a pulsating sensation. Severe light and sound sensitivity, nausea, and vomiting are frequently present. The pain from migraine attacks can be excruciating, interfering with everyday tasks for hours or even days at a time. Some patients experience an aura, which is a warning symptom, either before or together with their headache. A person may have visual disturbances like blind spots or light flashes, as well as non-visual disturbances like tingling in one arm or leg, difficulty speaking, or tingling on one side of the face.

A migraine is not just an uncomfortable headache. You can spend days in bed due to incapacitating, throbbing, one-sided headache agony from it. Exhaustion, nausea, changes in vision, irritation, and other symptoms can be brought on by movement, lights, sounds, and other stimuli. So that migraines don't take over your life, a healthcare professional can assist you in managing your symptoms.

Symptoms

Prodrome:Four stages of migraine progression can occur in young people as well as adults: prodrome, aura, attack, and post-drome. Not every migraine sufferer experiences each stage.

A maximum of twenty-four hours before you get a headache, the first stage starts. You may observe little alterations one or two days prior to a migraine that indicate an impending headache, such as:

·         Diarrhoea

·         Shifts in mood, from pleasure to sadness

·         Craving for food

·         Stiffness in the neck

·         Increased need to pee

·         Retaining fluid

·         Regular yawning

Aura: These nerve system-related symptoms frequently affect your vision. They often last a few hours at most and begin gradually over the course of five to twenty minutes.

You could:

·         Observe wavy lines, bursts of light, black dots, or unreal objects (hallucinations)

·         Possess tunnel vision

·         Not have any vision at all

·         Have numbness or tingling on a single part of your body? Have trouble speaking clearly?

·         Feel as though your arms and legs are heavy.

·         Experience ringing in the ears

Observe modifications in flavour, smell, or touch.

 

Postdrome: It's possible to feel exhausted, disoriented, and washed out for up to a day following a migraine attack. A few claim to feel ecstatic. A sudden movement of the head could momentarily reactivate the pain.Typically, the postdrome phase lasts anything from a few hours to 48 hours. The postdrome phase is referred to as a migraine hangover because symptoms resemble an alcohol-induced hangover.

Risk Factors for Migraines

According to estimates from the American Migraine Foundation, about 38 million Americans suffer from headaches. Certain factors may increase your risk of getting them:

Sex: Three times as many women as men get migraines.

Age: Most persons between the ages of 10 and 40 begin to have migraine headaches. But beyond 50, a lot of women report that their migraines either improve or disappear.

Ancestory in the family: Four out of five migraineurs have migraines in their family. A child has a 50% probability of developing these headaches if one parent has a history of them. The chance increases to 75% if both parents have them.

Other health issues: Bipolar disorder, epilepsy, depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties can all increase your chances.