Tuberculosis
The
bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis, or TB, an
infectious disease. The American Lung Association states that while the
bacteria primarily targets the lungs, it can also damage other parts of the
body and is airborne from person to person. The illness has existed for the
most of human existence and can occasionally be extremely fatal. Actually,
experts have been able to trace the history of tuberculosis back over 5,000
years, to early Egypt. The Hebrew term "schachepheth" is used to
refer to tuberculosis (TB) in the biblical books of Deuteronomy and Leviticus.
Hippocrates
refers to it as "phthisis" in his writings. A
dangerous disease that mostly affects the lungs is tuberculosis (TB). One group
of bacteria is responsible for tuberculosis. When a person with tuberculosis
coughs, sneezes, or sings, the disease can spread. This may release minute
amounts of the germs into the atmosphere. The bacteria can then enter the lungs
of another individual who inhales the droplets. Wherever individuals congregate
in large groups or live in close quarters, tuberculosis is prone to spreading.
Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those living with
HIV/AIDS, are more susceptible to tuberculosis than healthy individuals. Antibiotic
medications are used to treat TB. However, some of the bacterial strains are
now resistant to antibiotics.
Symptoms
A
tuberculosis (TB) infection occurs when the bacteria from the disease survive
and grow in the lungs. There are three phases to a tuberculosis infection.
Every stage has a particular set of symptoms.
Primary infection with tuberculosis:
The initial phase is referred to as the main infection. Immune system cells
locate and seize the pathogens. The germs might be entirely destroyed by the immune
system. However, some trapped bacteria might continue to exist and proliferate.
A
primary infection usually causes no symptoms at all for most people. Some
people may experience symptoms similar to the flu, like:
·
Low
fever
·
Fatigue
·
Cough
Latent TB infection:
Latent
tuberculosis infection typically follows primary infection. TBC-infected lung
tissue is surrounded by a wall formed by immune system cells. If the immune
system manages to contain the bacteria, they will be unable to cause any more
damage. However, the bacteria endure. When a TB infection is latent, there are
no symptoms.
Causes
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria
that causes tuberculosis.Individuals who have active tuberculosis in their
voice box or lungs can transmit the disease. They emit microscopic droplets
into the atmosphere, which disperse the germs. This may occur as they talk,
sing, laugh, sneeze, cough, or cough. Inhaling the droplets can cause an
infection in the person. Spending a lot of time together indoors increases the
risk of the disease spreading. Thus, in environments where individuals live or
work together for extended periods of time, the disease spreads easily.
Furthermore, the illness spreads more quickly in large groups. A latent
tuberculosis infection prevents the disease from spreading to other people.
Treatment
The
TB virus is treatable. Four conventional antibiotics are used in a six-month
course of treatment. Isoniazid and rifampicin are common medications. The
common medications sometimes have no effect on the TB germs. Here, the patient
suffers from drug-resistant tuberculosis. Drug-resistant TB requires a more
involved and prolonged course of treatment. A health professional or trained
volunteer provides the patient with information, supervision, and support
throughout the course of TB medication. Adherence to therapy can be challenging
in the absence of such assistance. Inadequate completion of treatment increases
the risk of drug resistance and disease dissemination. TB preventative
medication can be used to halt the emergence of disease in the event of TB
infection, which occurs when a patient has the TB bacterium but is not sick.
Migraine
A
migraine is a type of headache that often affects one side of the head and can
cause excruciating throbbing pain or a pulsating sensation. Severe light and
sound sensitivity, nausea, and vomiting are frequently present. The pain from
migraine attacks can be excruciating, interfering with everyday tasks for hours
or even days at a time. Some patients experience an aura, which is a warning
symptom, either before or together with their headache. A person may have
visual disturbances like blind spots or light flashes, as well as non-visual
disturbances like tingling in one arm or leg, difficulty speaking, or tingling
on one side of the face.
A
migraine is not just an uncomfortable headache. You can spend days in bed due
to incapacitating, throbbing, one-sided headache agony from it. Exhaustion,
nausea, changes in vision, irritation, and other symptoms can be brought on by
movement, lights, sounds, and other stimuli. So that migraines don't take over
your life, a healthcare professional can assist you in managing your symptoms.
Symptoms
Prodrome:Four stages of
migraine progression can occur in young people as well as adults: prodrome,
aura, attack, and post-drome. Not every migraine sufferer experiences each
stage.
A
maximum of twenty-four hours before you get a headache, the first stage starts.
You may observe little alterations one or two days prior to a migraine that
indicate an impending headache, such as:
·
Diarrhoea
·
Shifts
in mood, from pleasure to sadness
·
Craving
for food
·
Stiffness
in the neck
·
Increased
need to pee
·
Retaining
fluid
·
Regular
yawning
Aura: These nerve
system-related symptoms frequently affect your vision. They often last a few
hours at most and begin gradually over the course of five to twenty minutes.
You
could:
·
Observe
wavy lines, bursts of light, black dots, or unreal objects (hallucinations)
·
Possess
tunnel vision
·
Not
have any vision at all
·
Have
numbness or tingling on a single part of your body? Have trouble speaking
clearly?
·
Feel
as though your arms and legs are heavy.
·
Experience
ringing in the ears
Observe
modifications in flavour, smell, or touch.
Postdrome: It's
possible to feel exhausted, disoriented, and washed out for up to a day
following a migraine attack. A few claim to feel ecstatic. A sudden movement of
the head could momentarily reactivate the pain.Typically, the postdrome phase
lasts anything from a few hours to 48 hours. The postdrome phase is referred to
as a migraine hangover because symptoms resemble an alcohol-induced hangover.
Risk Factors for Migraines
According
to estimates from the American Migraine Foundation, about 38 million Americans
suffer from headaches. Certain factors may increase your risk of getting them:
Sex: Three times as many
women as men get migraines.
Age: Most persons between the
ages of 10 and 40 begin to have migraine headaches. But beyond 50, a lot of
women report that their migraines either improve or disappear.
Ancestory in the family:
Four out of five migraineurs have migraines in their family. A child has a 50%
probability of developing these headaches if one parent has a history of them.
The chance increases to 75% if both parents have them.
Other health issues:
Bipolar disorder, epilepsy, depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties can all
increase your chances.
Thyroid
Thyroid is a tiny,
butterfly-shaped gland that is covered by skin at the front of your neck. It is
a component of your endocrine system and regulates a number of crucial bodily
processes by creating and releasing (secreting) specific hormones. The thyroid
is a gland. You have glands throughout your body, where they create and release
substances that help your body do a specific thing. Your thyroid makes hormones
that help control many vital functions of your body. The primary function of
the thyroid is to regulate your metabolic rate, which is the rate at which your
body converts the food you eat into energy. Your body's cells all require
energy to function. Thyroid develops and manufactures hormones that are
involved in numerous bodily processes. Thyroid disease is characterized by the
overproduction or underproduction of these critical hormones by your thyroid.
Thyroid disease comes in a variety of forms, such as hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Your entire body may
be affected if your thyroid isn't functioning properly.
What is Thyroid Disease?
Endocrine System
A network of glands that
produce and exude (release) hormones makes up your endocrine system. An organ
that produces hormones, digestive fluids, sweat, or tears is referred to as a
gland. Hormones are directly released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands.
Hormones are substances that communicate with your organs, skin, muscles, and
other tissues through your blood to coordinate various bodily functions. These
messages instruct your body on what to do and when to do it. Your thyroid
produces and secretes hormones since it is an endocrine gland. The following
hormones are produced and released by your thyroid:
Thyroxine (T4)
The main hormone produced
and released by your thyroid is thyroxine (T4). This hormone is mostly produced
by your thyroid, yet it has little impact on your metabolism. Once your thyroid
has released T4 into your bloodstream, it can then undergo a process known as
deiodination to change to T3.
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Triiodothyronine (T3) is
produced by your thyroid in smaller levels than T4 but has a considerably
bigger impact on metabolism.
Reverse triiodothyronine (RT3)
Reverse triiodothyronine
(RT3) is a hormone that your thyroid produces in very small quantities and
which counteracts the effects of T3.
Calcitonin
This hormone aids in
controlling blood calcium levels.
Your thyroid gland
requires iodine, an element present in diet (most frequently, iodized table
salt) and water, in order to produce thyroid hormones. Iodine is captured by
your thyroid gland, which turns it into thyroid hormones. The amount of
hormones your thyroid produces and releases can change if you have an iodine
deficiency or excess.
Goiter
Your thyroid gland will
expand if you have a goiter. In the United States, goitres are relatively
prevalent, affecting about 5% of the population.
Many factors can induce goiter’s,
depending on the type.
Simple goiters
When your thyroid gland
is unable to produce sufficient hormones to satisfy your body's demands, simple
goiter’s form. Your thyroid gland tries to compensate for the deficiency by
expanding.
Endemic goiters
Those who don't consume
enough iodine in their diet develop these goiters (iodine is necessary to make
thyroid hormone). Those who live in the United States and numerous other nations,
where iodine is introduced to table salt, typically do not develop endemic
goitres.
Sporadic goiters
In most cases, there is
no recognized reason for these goiters. Certain drugs, including lithium, have
the potential to occasionally produce goitres. a little enlargement of the
thyroid gland in a person with a normal thyroid function who lives in an
iodine-sufficient region. These goitres can have a wide range of
symptomatology, size at presentation, and growth rate. They can also be
diffuse, uninodular, or multinodular.
Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson's disease is a brain condition that results in
unintentional or uncontrollable movements like trembling, stiffness, and issues
with balance and coordination.
Typically, symptoms start out mildly and get worse over time.
They could experience difficulties speaking and walking as the illness worsens.
Also, they may experience behavioral and mental changes, sleep issues,
depression, memory loss, and weariness. Although almost anyone is at risk of acquiring Parkinson's,
certain studies indicate that men are more likely than women to be affected by
this condition. It's unknown why, but research is being done to identify
potential risk factors.
Age is an obvious risk: Although roughly 5% to 10% of
Parkinson's patients suffer beginning before the age of 50, the disease often
first manifests in those over the age of 60. Parkinson's disease with an early
onset is frequently inherited, but not always, and some kinds have been
connected to particular genetic changes.
Each person will experience the signs and symptoms of
Parkinson's disease differently. Early symptoms could be negligible and
overlooked. Even after symptoms start to affect the limbs on both sides,
symptoms frequently start on one of the body's sides and usually continue to be
severe there.
Symptoms
Parkinson's symptoms and
indicators include:
Tremor
The first limb to experience a
tremor, or rhythmic shaking, is typically the hand or fingers. You could wiggle
your thumb and forefinger. The term "pill-rolling tremor" describes
this. Even when at rest, your hand could shake. While working on a task, the
shaking might lessen.
Slowdown motion (bradykinesia)
Parkinson's disease may
cause movement slowdown over time, making routine actions challenging and time-consuming.
While you walk, your steps can get smaller. It could be challenging to get up
from a chair. If you attempt to walk, you can shuffle or drag your feet.
Stiffness of muscles
You can have muscle
tightness in any area of your body. Your range of motion may be restricted and
made painful by the stiff muscles.
Poor Balance and posture
You might start to
slouch. Perhaps Parkinson's disease may cause you to trip or have balance
issues.
Reduction in Automatic movement
It's possible that you'll
be less able to make unconscious gestures like smiling, blinking, or waving
your arms when you move.
Causes
Some brain nerve cells
(neurons) eventually deteriorate or die in Parkinson's disease. A decrease of
neurons that produce the chemical messenger dopamine in your brain is the cause
of many symptoms. Dopamine deficiency results in abnormal brain activity, which
worsens movement impairment and other Parkinson's disease symptoms.
Although there is no
known cause for Parkinson's disease, a number of factors, including:
Genes
Certain genetic
alterations that can cause Parkinson's disease have been identified by
researchers. These, however, are unusual unless there are several members of
the family who also have Parkinson's disease.
A relatively low risk of
Parkinson's disease exists for each of these genetic markers, although some
gene changes do appear to raise the risk of the disorder.
Triggers in the environment
Parkinson's disease may
develop later if you are exposed to specific poisons or environmental factors,
although the risk is quite low.
Researchers have also
discovered that persons with Parkinson's disease experience several alterations
in their brains, while it is unclear why these changes take place. These
modifications include:
Lewy bodies are present
Microscopical indicators
of Parkinson's disease include clumps of particular chemicals within brain
cells. Lewy bodies are what they are, and scientists think they offer a crucial
insight to what causes Parkinson's disease.
Presence of Lewy body alpha-synuclein
Lewy bodies include a
variety of chemicals, but scientists think that the naturally occurring protein
known as alpha-synuclein plays a significant role (a-synuclein). All Lewy
bodies contain it in clumped form, which cells are unable to degrade. At the
moment, researchers studying Parkinson's disease are concentrating heavily on
this.
Moringa Powder Benefits
The
moringa plant is indigenous to India and other nations. It is helpful in the
fight against malnutrition because it is rich in proteins, vitamins, and
minerals. The drumstick tree, miracle tree, ben oil tree, or horseradish tree
are all common names for the shrub Moringa oleifera.
Many
vital vitamins and minerals can be found in moringa. The leaves contain 15
times more potassium than bananas and seven times more vitamin C than oranges.
Moreover, it contains iron, calcium, protein, and amino acids, all of which aid
in muscle growth and healing.
Moreover,
it is abundant in antioxidants, which can both strengthen your immune system
and protect cells from harm. Several of these antioxidants may also be able to
lower blood pressure and reduce body and blood fat, according to some data. Because
of the health advantages and medicinal qualities of moringa, it has been
utilized for millennia. Moreover, it contains antiviral, antidepressant,
anti-inflammatory, and antifungal effects.
In
various places of the world, the moringa plant provides a significant food
source. It is simple and inexpensive to grow, and drying it keeps a large
portion of its nutritious content. It appears to work as an antioxidant to help
shield cells from harm. Moringa may also aid in reducing pain and inflammation.
There
are numerous uses for moringa, including treating diabetes, breastfeeding, and
asthma, however there isn't any solid scientific proof to back these claims.The
plant moringa is used for a variety of purposes, from health and beauty to
illness prevention and treatment. Among the advantages of moringa are:
Skin and hair nourishment and Protection
Moringa
seed oil helps maintain hair clean and healthy while defending it against free
radical damage. Also, because moringa contains protein, it aids in shielding
skin cells from harm. Moreover, it has detoxifying and moisturizing components
that are good for the skin and hair.It can effectively treat skin sores and
infections.
Handling edema
Edema
is a painful condition when fluid accumulates in particular body parts.
Moringa's anti-inflammatory qualities may be useful in preventing the onset of
edema.
Safeguarding the liver
Moringa
can speed up the liver's healing process and appears to protect it from harm
from anti-tubercular medications.
Cancer prevention and treatment
Moringa
extracts include qualities that may help prevent the development of cancer. Niazimicin,
a substance that inhibits the growth of cancer cells, is also present.
Treating gastrointestinal issues
Several
gastrointestinal conditions, including diarrhea, gastritis, and ulcerative
colitis, may be helped by moringa extracts. With its rich vitamin B
concentration, moringa aids in digestion and may help prevent the formation of
many diseases due to its antimicrobial and antibacterial characteristics.
Moringa has an abundance of nutrients
Moringa
is full of amino acids in addition to vitamins, minerals, calcium, and
potassium. According to studies conducted by the United States Department of
Agriculture, moringa includes 18 of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins in
the human body.
The
chemicals known as free radicals, which cause inflammation, cell damage, and
oxidative stress, are combated by the antioxidants flavonoids, polyphenols, and
ascorbic acid.
Anti-infective properties
In
addition to killing pathogens like bacteria, fungus, viruses, and parasites,
moringa can help reduce chronic inflammation, which is a factor in conditions
including ulcerative colitis, asthma, and metabolic disorders.
The
leaves of the moringa plant can help with stomach issues. Add moringa leaves to
your diet if you struggle with constipation, bloating, gas, gastritis, or
ulcerative colitis. The leaves' antibacterial and antibiotic characteristics
make them an excellent treatment for digestive ailments.
Uric acid
A typical bodily waste product is uric acid. It develops
when substances called purines decompose. The body naturally contains a
chemical called purines. They can also be discovered in a variety of foods,
including liver, seafood, and alcohol. When DNA is damaged, they may
potentially develop within the body.
The body eliminates uric acid, which is created in the
blood when purines are broken down, when you urinate or pass stool. But, uric
acid can accumulate in the blood if your body produces too much of it or if
your kidneys aren't functioning properly. Consuming an excessive amount of
foods high in purines or using medications like aspirin, niacin, or diuretics
can also cause an increase in uric acid levels.
As the body degrades purine-containing compounds, uric
acid is produced. In addition to being naturally created by the body, purines
can also be found in various foods and beverages. Liver, anchovies, mackerel,
dry beans and peas, and beer are some foods high in purines.
The majority of uric acid dissolves in the blood and is
carried to the kidneys. After that, it excretes in urine. You can become ill if
your body creates too much uric acid or does not remove enough of it.
Hyperuricemia is a condition where the blood has a high uric acid level.
Uric Acid Stone
A
kidney stone is a hard item generated from substances in the urine, and uric
acid stones are one type of kidney stone. After forming, the stone may remain
in the kidney or pass through the ureter and into the lower urinary system.
Significant pain, obstruction of the urine outflow, infection, and other health
issues can be brought on by stones that don't move.
Uric Acid stone symptoms
If the stone is small
enough, it can pass through without any signs of discomfort. A stone that is
too big to pass through, however, might result in severe pain, a urine backup,
an infection, and other health issues. See a medical expert if you experience any
of these signs or symptoms:
- o
Severe lower back
ache on either side
- o
Unspecific stomach
or flank pain that persists
- o
Urine with blood
in it
- o
Nausea or diarrhea
- o
Chills and a fever
- o
A foul-smelling or
cloudy urine
Causes of Kidney Stone
Meals
including beef, poultry, pork, fish, and especially organ meats like liver
contain significant levels of purines, a naturally occurring chemical
component. Consuming a lot of purines in your diet might cause uric acid.
Excessive purine diet increases monosodium urate synthesis, which under the
correct circumstances may result in kidney stones made of uric acid. When the
amount of uric acid in the urine is excessively high or the urine is frequently
overly acidic, uric acid stones might develop. This kind of stone formation may
run in families. Urinary acidity can be elevated by inherited issues with the
body's uric acid metabolism or diet-related protein intake. This can be
observed in disorders like gout, which can cause painful crystal deposits in
the joints and high blood levels of uric acid. Diabetes patients also have a
higher chance of developing uric acid stones. Uric acid stones are also a
possibility for chemotherapy patients.
Foods
high in purines, a chemical that is a natural component, can be found in
cattle, poultry, pork, fish, and notably organ meats like liver. Having a diet
high in purines may result in uric acid production. An excessively purine-rich
diet boosts the production of monosodium urate, which, under the right
conditions, may cause uric acid kidney stones. Uric acid stones may form when
there is an excessive amount of uric acid in the urine or when the urine is
frequently too acidic.
Prevention
Drinking enough water
daily will help maintain your urine less concentrated with waste items, which
is vital for maintaining general health. If you are well hydrated, your urine
should be light yellow to clear since darker pee is more concentrated. It could
be advised to consume enough liquids to produce at least two liters of urine
each day. If you have advanced kidney illness, fluid limits may be necessary,
so talk to a healthcare provider about how much water is appropriate for you.
Managing general health and avoiding kidney stones both depend on maintaining a
healthy weight. The chance of developing kidney stones rises if you are
overweight. Furthermore crucial are managing salt consumption and blood
pressure. To reduce weight, a nutritionist can assist you with meal planning.
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is
derived from the Latin term mellitus, which means sweet, and the Greek word
diabetes, which means to syphon or pass through. According to a historical
analysis, Apollonius of Memphis coined the name "diabetes" somewhere
between 250 and 300 BC. The sweet character of the urine in this illness was
discovered by the ancient Greek, Hindu, and Egyptian civilizations, leading to
the spread of the term diabetes mellitus. In 1889, Mering and Minkowski made
the discovery that the pancreas plays a part in the pathophysiology of
diabetes.Diabetes is a long-term (chronic) disease that impacts how your body
converts food into energy.The majority of the food you consume is converted by
your body into sugar (glucose), which is then released into your bloodstream.
Your pancreas releases insulin when your blood sugar levels rise. In order for
blood sugar to enter your body's cells and be used as energy, insulin functions
like a key
When you have diabetes,
your body either produces insufficient insulin or uses it improperly. Too much
blood glucose remains in your bloodstream when there is insufficient insulin or
when cells cease reacting to insulin. It can eventually lead to major health
issues like renal disease, eyesight loss, and heart disease
Diabetes can cause blood
sugar levels to rise if it is not continuously and carefully managed, which
raises the chance of serious side effects like heart attack and stroke. There
are numerous types of diabetes, and each has a unique management strategy. Not
all types of diabetes are brought on by obesity or a sedentary lifestyle. Some
have existed from childhood.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1, type 2, and
gestational diabetes are the three basic kinds of diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes
It is believed that an
autoimmune reaction is what causes type 1 diabetes (the body attacks itself by
mistake). Your body's production of insulin is stopped by this reaction. Type 1
diabetes affects between 5–10% of those who have the disease. Type 1 diabetes
symptoms frequently appear suddenly. Typically, it is discovered in kids,
teenagers, and young adults. You must take insulin every day to stay alive if
you have type 1 diabetes. There is currently no cure for type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes, also
referred to as juvenile diabetes, develops when the body is unable to
manufacture insulin. The hormone insulin is in charge of metabolising blood
sugar for usage by the body as needed. Type 1 diabetes may be discovered in a
youngster, according to Trusted Source.
Insulin must be regularly
administered to people with type 1 diabetesTrusted Source. Someone could use an
insulin pump or shots to do this. Type 1 diabetes, also referred to as juvenile
diabetes, develops when the body is unable to manufacture insulin. The hormone
insulin is in charge of metabolising blood sugar for usage by the body as
needed. Type
1 diabetes does not have a treatment. After being diagnosed, a person with
diabetes needs to frequently check their blood sugar levels, take insulin, and
take certain lifestyle adjustments to help control the illness.
Type 2 Diabetes
Your body struggles to
properly utilise insulin in type 2 diabetes, making it difficult to maintain
normal blood sugar levels. The majority of diabetics (90–95%) are type 2. It
takes years to develop, and adults are typically diagnosed with it. If you are
at risk, it is crucial to have your blood sugar tested because you might not
exhibit any symptoms. By adopting healthy lifestyle adjustments like these,
type 2 diabetes can be avoided or postponed.
Shedding pounds.
Eating a balanced diet.
Being energetic.
Gestational Diabetes
Women who have not suffered from diabetes before who become pregnant can acquire gestational diabetes. If you have diabetes during pregnancy, your unborn child may be more susceptible to health issues. After your baby is born, gestational diabetes typically disappears. Yet, it raises your chance of developing type 2 diabetes in later life. Your child has a higher chance of being obese as a youngster or adolescent and going on to acquire type 2 diabetes.
